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Genetics has a role in predisposition towards prostate cancer, and an accurate prediction of prostate cancer risk can be made using polygenic risk scores. New evidence suggests that this risk is modifiable through lifestyle changes, but only in men at a high genetic risk of developing prostate cancer.

Several newly approved therapies have substantially altered the treatment paradigm for multiple genitourinary cancers. Considering the existence of numerous possible treatment approaches, understanding which treatment attributes are most valued by each patient is crucial to physicians to recommend a cancer-directed treatment.

Lobular breast cancer is the second most prevalent breast cancer subtype, but clinical trials have not focused on these patients. The GELATO study reveals the feasibility of trials that are specific for this difficult to treat cancer and indicates that patients with lobular breast cancer can benefit from immunotherapy using PD-L1 blockade.

In this Journal Club, Giovana Tardin Torrezan discusses a study that analyses the role of germline pathogenic variants in tumorigenesis.

An antibody–drug conjugate showed impressive anti-cancer activity in selected patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer, and could become a new standard of care.

The development of modern immune-based therapies for multiple myeloma has expanded rapidly over the past several years, and GPRC5D has been identified as a viable immunotherapeutic target. Herein, we discuss data and provide future perspectives on GPRC5D-directed CAR T cells and bispecific antibodies for patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma.

Despite a reduction in colorectal cancer incidence, a large, randomized screening study shows no impact of screening on cancer-related deaths.

Recent FDA reviews of cemiplimab and sintilimab combined with chemotherapy for patients with advanced-stage non-small-cell lung cancer reached discordant outcomes, as cemiplimab was approved and sintilimab was rejected. The applications share many serious faults, including neither serving an unmet need nor enrolling any patients from the USA. We argue that the FDA criteria should be more transparent and consistent; moreover, the historical policy of the FDA to abstain from consideration of the cost of a drug perpetuates a crisis in oncology care and should be re-examined.

Transgender patients are a marginalized group for whom current standards of oncology have yet to be optimized. In this Comment, we highlight opportunities for transgender-inclusive and transgender-specific practices across the cancer care continuum and identify evidence gaps that will need to be filled to attain optimal care for transgender populations.

Although targeting cancer cells on the basis of tissue-specific expression of key factors is an important strategy in precision oncology, few such therapies exist. Chemical screening now identifies YC-1 as a tissue-specific anti-cancer compound that is activated in the liver by the sulfotransferase enzyme SULT1A1.

Immune-checkpoint-inhibitor-associated myocarditis has a high fatality rate, warranting the development of more-effective treatment strategies. Herein, we discuss a recent report of a series of patients who were managed using a novel approach that involved personalized abatacept dosing, ruxolitinib and close respiratory monitoring, which was associated with low mortality.